The study points to a common lack of a conceptual or theoretical framework for support. In a 2010 review of social support interventions for smoking cessation, Westmaas and colleagues 8 concluded that there is little or no evidence that interventions to promote partner support have been effective. 5, 6 Negative behaviors (eg, nagging and complaining) have been shown to be predictive of relapse. On the other hand, many tobacco users are ambivalent about quitting and react negatively to pressure, which can lead to problematic behaviors becoming even more entrenched. Particular supportive behaviors, such as expressing pleasure at the smoker’s efforts to quit, 3, 4 have been predictive of cessation. Partner support may influence quitting through several mechanisms, 2 including providing a motivation to initiate quitting (health concerns or the effects of role-modeling on the couple’s children) buffering the stress of withdrawal counteracting environmental cues to use tobacco and providing instrumental support such as facilitating access to quitting programs and adjunctive aids. In the most recent Cochrane review of partner support in smoking cessation, 1 the authors note that “support from the spouse is highly predictive of successful smoking cessation,” citing studies as far back as 1971. Intimate partners can promote or undermine their loved one’s tobacco cessation efforts.
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